Skip to main content

Gandhiji and Caste

January 30, 2012

Mahatma Gandhi's views on India's caste system are well known. Gandhiji was certainly not the first or the only leader to draw attention to the problems created by the caste system and the rigid attitudes that became ingrained in the Indian psyche. Yet, by making removal of untouchability central to the struggle for India's freedom, Mahatma Gandhi made the practice of untouchability intellectually, morally and most importantly, politically unacceptable in India.

In our Geeta study group, we recently discussed the chaaturvarNa as described by Śrī Krsna in 4-13.
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः |
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम् ||४-१३||

chaaturvarNyaM mayaa sR^ishhTa.n guNakarmavibhaagashaH .
tasya kartaaramapi maa.n vid.hdhyakartaaramavyayam.h .. 4\-13..
The fourfold-caste has been created by Me according to the differentiation of GUNA an d KARMA; though I am the author thereof know Me as non-doer and immutable.

Śrī Kṛṣṇa insists that the division of castes is based on GuNa and Karma, innate qualities and action. The clear implication is that as our guNa and karma evolve, we can transition from one varNa to the other, upwards or down is our choice.

Today is Martyr's day in India, marking the day 64 years ago when an assassin shot and killed the Father of the Indian nation. On this occasion, I want to discuss Mahatma Gandhi and caste from a different perspective.

Commentators, including Pujya Guruji, Swami Tejomayanandaji, have pointed out that each of us pass through different phases in our lives when different "guNakarma" are predominant. When planning and strategy is required, we invoke the BrahmaNa in us. When we have to execute a major plan of action in an aggressive manner, to seize a big opportunity, maybe in a hostile environment, we call upon the Kshatriya or warrior in us. When we're called to raise funds for projects, we adopt different strategies to conserve and generate money. At such times, we need the mindset of a Vaishya or financier. Lastly there are stages in our life when all we do is simply do what we're told. Mahatma Gandhi is a fine role model in all these aspects.

Gandhiji was a visionary in the way he adopted elements of sadhana as strategy - fasting & prayer. Gandhiji leveraged these aspects of tapas or spiritual austerity with complete conviction and integrity in a way that only the Vedic brahamaNas could.

He inspired, organized, gave courage to the masses and lead the struggle for India's freedom from the front dynamically and relentlessly, in a way that reminds me of a kshatriya such as Shivaji.

He was intensely conscious of the value of money and was said to make sure that accounts were correct to the last paisa (penny). He was convinced Swaraj or freedom would be incomplete without economic self-sufficiency at the village level. No doubt, Gandhiji's birth in a Vania (in a trading / Vaishya) family helped bring this understanding and sense of scruples to the forefront of the Congress party.

Lasty, he recognized and valued immensely the contributions of the shudra and demonstrated that by his own taking up the broom and bucket that the bhangis (cleaners) used.

More than most, he embodied, the Chinmaya Mission pledge "We believe that the service of our country is the service of the Lord of Lords, and devotion to the people is the devotion to the Supreme Self".

Hari Om and Namaskaar until the next post

Comments

  1. Hari OM
    Thanks I liked this explanation about the 4 varnas. In essence we need to have all this four varnas within us to become a complete person. Am I right to have this understanding. Can you please explain the four purusharthas.
    Pranams
    Balaji

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. @Balaji - the understanding of the 4 varNas establishes two things: One, there is no higher or lower and two, that society or an institution is incomplete without all 4 varNas. A complete person in the sense of a realized person or brahmaGYaani is one who has gone beyond the guNas and varNas.

      Let's see about the purusharthas soon.

      Thanks for the input.

      Delete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Geeta Dhyānaṁ 2 - Vyāsā's Vast Intellect

January 7, 2013 Previously on Geeta Jayanti, I had posted on the eternal debt of gratitude to Mother Geeta that is the basis of Geeta Dhyānaṁ. I love Param Pujya Gurudev 's commentary on the Geeta Dhyānaṁ. Pujya Gurudev's commentary is after the introduction to the Bhagavad Geeta in the commentary on Chapters 1 & 2 published by the the Chinmaya Mission. I personally believe it should be a book by itself. After invoking Mother Geeta, we now pay tribute to the wise Vyāsa Rishi - the Guru whose Jayanti marks Guru Pūrnima every year. Pujya Gurudev starts His tribute to Veda Vyāsā in his commentary on the 1st verse of the Dhyānaṁ. Vyāsa, the father of the Vedās, who, first collected, edited and published the Veda texts and who thereafter, gave us the dialectics of Vedānta in his Brahma Sūtra, himself a great man of realization, was indeed well fitted for the job. The ancient seer had both the mastery of the theoretical science of religion - Hinduism and also the practical expe

In every field, let Dharma flourish - क्षेत्रे क्षेत्रे धर्म कुरु

August 9, 2012 Swamini Vimalanandaji has done a series of talks at the Ahmedabad Management Association (AMA) called "406 SMS – Sure Mantras for Success from Bhagwad Geeta" (item 406 at this AMA link ). In this she has a very interesting take on the 1st line of the Bhagavad Geeta. धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे  १-१ dharmakShetre kurukShetre 1-1 <i> on the holy plain of Kurukshetra... </i> Swamini turns that slightly and says,  क्षेत्रे  क्षेत्रे  धर्म कुरु -   kShetre  kShetre  dharma kuru. Swamini goes on to establish that we can use this mantra to make that: "In every aspect of society,  must be pervaded by Dharma" Hari Om and Namaskaar until the next post

Geeta in Literature - IF by Rudyard Kipling

September 12, 2011 I came across a nice YouTube video that is an animation of Rudyard Kipling reading his famous poem IF . The full text sourced from wikisource is below: If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you; If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too: If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies, Or being hated, don’t give way to hating, And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise; If you can dream—and not make dreams your master; If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim, If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster And treat those two impostors just the same: If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools; If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And los